Loving v. Virginia

  • June 12, 2012

    by Jeremy Leaming

    It took an incredibly ridiculous amount of time, but 45 years ago today the U.S. Supreme Court finally got around to invalidating state laws that banned interracial marriage.

    The case, Loving v. Virginia decided on June 12, 1967, involved Mildred and Richard Loving who were married in the District of Columbia in 1958, and later prosecuted in Virginia by authorizes intent on enforcing the state’s racist laws against interracial marriage. The couple later moved to the District of Columbia and lodged a class action challenging Virginia’s anti-miscegenation laws as a violation of the Constitution’s liberty protections found in the Fourteenth Amendment.

    The case eventually reached the Supreme Court.

    Writing for the unanimous Court, Chief Justice Warren E. Burger rejected Virginia’s arguments that its laws did not subvert the Constitution. The state’s arguments are not worth reciting. Suffice it to say, those arguments were racist. The Warren Court easily found that Virginia’s laws were a serious affront to the Constitution’s liberty protections.

    “There is patently no legitimate overriding purpose independent of invidious racial discrimination which justifies this classification,” Burger wrote. “The fact that Virginia prohibits only interracial marriage involving white persons demonstrates that the racial classifications must stand on their own justification, as measures designed to maintain White Supremacy.

    “We have consistently denied the constitutionality of measures which restrict the rights of citizens on account of race. There can be no doubt that restricting the freedom to marry solely because of racial classifications violates the central meaning of the Equal Protection Clause.”

  • February 25, 2010
    BookTalk
    Rising Road
    A True Tale of Love, Race and Religion in America
    By: 
    Sharon Davies

    By Sharon Davies, John C. Elam/Vorys Sater Designated Professor of Law, Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University

    Rising Road is one of those books that happened by accident; a chance occurrence on the way to somewhere else.

    After the outcome of the election in 2004, when the country was abuzz with reports of how the question of gay marriage drove President George W. Bush's supporters from their homes to the voting booths, I began to think about law and marriage, and the way of constitutional change.

    It was a topic of great personal importance to me, law and marriage. Had my parents been swayed by the marriage laws that were still in place in various states at the time of my birth, I would never have been born. Neither would any of my five brothers or sisters. It was the era of the anti-miscegenation laws. The simple act of having us was a crime, a number of states declared, and they backed the ban up with the criminal sanction. Defiant mixed race couples could be jailed.

    I was nearly seven-years-old by the time the U.S. Supreme Court finally got around to striking those laws down. Seems my siblings and I weren't crimes after all. It was the law that was wrong, the Court announced in Loving v. Virginia in 1967. The decision was unanimous. Even Justice Hugo Black agreed, though a son of the South, the region of the country most steadfastly devoted to the anti-miscegenation regime.

    After the election in 2004, I wondered how constitutional change like that came about-how acts of intimacy, and marriage, and the wee beings that can result from them, could one day be outlawed, and another day not. I will write an article about that, I thought to myself, and set to work.

    When doing the researching for that intended article, however, the unexpected happened. I tripped over a reference to a 1921 trial in Birmingham, Alabama. A murder trial, where the marriage of the daughter of a Methodist minister to a Catholic migrant from Puerto Rico, led the minister to kill the Catholic priest who took their vows. How horrible, I thought. I'll use it as an example in my article.

  • September 24, 2009
    BookTalk
    America’s Prophets
    How Judicial Activism Makes America Great
    By: 
    David R. Dow, University Distinguished Professor, University of Houston Law Center
    Jesus gave us the most well known illustration of judicial activism in western history when he delivered the Sermon on the Mount. Surveying all of the Hebrew Bible, Jesus explained that the central animating legal norm is what we know today as the Golden Rule: Treat others the way you want to be treated yourself.

    As I argue in America's Prophets, the phrase judicial activism doesn't really mean anything at all, because people use the phrase simply to identify decisions they do not like. For example, most people who refer to Roe v Wade as activist have probably never even read Justice Blackmun's opinion. They are perforce not criticizing the Court's reasoning; they are simply objecting to the result.