Gulf of Mexico

  • July 1, 2010
    Still struggling to cap the gushing deepwater well in the Gulf, BP's counsel is likely busy preparing to battle potential litigation over the corporation's involvement in the disaster despoiling the Gulf waters, destroying livelihoods and wildlife.

    Law professors Gregg Polsky and Dan Markel, in an op-ed for The New York Times, write that it is time for juries to become aware that punitive damages leveled at corporations like BP are tax-deductible.

    Polsky, a law professor at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, and Markel, a law professor at Florida State University, write:

    BP might soon be added to the list of payers of punitive damages for its role in the Gulf oil spill. Perhaps with that in mind, the Senate recently approved a measure to repeal deductibility for punitive damages.

    The measure is well intentioned. But because most cases are settled before they reach a jury, it won't work. Fortunately, there's a better approach.

    It may not entirely curb the ability of large corporations to limit the impact of punitive damages, but the professors say that tax-aware "juries would probably award higher punitive damages to offset the fact that punitive damages were tax-deductible. But more important, the prospect of tax-aware jurors would also raise the amounts before trial - when, again, most cases are actually resolved. This is because the amount of a settlement depends on the amount that a jury is expected to award after a trial. If tax-aware juries became the norm, plaintiffs would push for higher settlements, and thus both settling and non-settling defendants would bear the correct amount of punishment."

    See their entire op-ed here.

  • June 21, 2010
    Guest Post

    By Amanda Cohen Leiter, Associate Professor, Columbus School of Law, Catholic University of America
    The latest estimate of the rate of oil spilling from BP's well in the Gulf of Mexico is a staggering 60,000 barrels per day. But what does that number mean?

    We are growing sadly familiar with the qualitative implications of this deluge: economic catastrophe and immeasurable heartache for Gulf Coast residents; utter devastation for the Gulf's treasured ecosystems; another unsolvable problem for an administration already overwhelmed.

    Leak statistics:

    The quantitative implications, too, are shocking. Based on the latest estimate, the Deepwater Horizon well has leaked:

    • 3.8 million total barrels;
    • 159 million total gallons, or 
    • 8 cups of oil for every man, woman, and child in the United States.

    Oil use statistics:

    There's another side to the quantitative story, though. Although 8 cups of oil per American sounds like a lot-and no doubt feels like far too much to the unsuspecting denizens of Gulf wetlands, fishing grounds, and shorelines-that quantity pales in comparison to our per-capita oil use. Here are a few statistics:

    • According to the Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration, every person in the United States consumes an average of 3 gallons of oil each day, so
    • A well leaking 60,000 barrels of oil per day would barely meet the needs of a single city the size of Jacksonville, Florida, and
    • The entire quantity of oil that has spilled into the Gulf would only be enough to power this country for about 4 hours.

  • June 8, 2010
    The federal government may be ill-equipped to stop the torrent of oil coursing through the Gulf of Mexico following the April 20 explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, but it has the means to prosecute those responsible for the environmental disaster, writes David M. Uhlmann.

    In a recent column for The New York Times, Uhlmann, a law professor at the University of Michigan and former head of the environmental crimes section of the Justice Department, maintains that the oil spill - unlikely a result of weather - increasingly appears to have been caused by "negligence or worse in the events leading to the explosion of the rig." So, Uhlmann writes, "Now it's up to Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. to ensure that the legal response to the calamitous oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico is better than the emergency response."

    Uhlmann notes the entities the government should focus on: BP, Transocean, owner of the drilling rig, and Halliburton, which worked on the creation of the deepwater drilling structure. And if news reports on missed warning signs about the potential for disaster are accurate, Uhlmann writes that DOJ should lodge "criminal charges against BP, and possibly Transocean and Halliburton, for violations of the Clean Water Act, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Refuse Act - the same charges brought in the Exxon Valdez case."

    Uhlmann continues:

    No one thinks BP, Transocean or Halliburton intended to spill oil into the gulf. But given good evidence, the government could argue that the companies cut corners or deviated so much from standard industry practice that they knew a blowout could happen. Or, the government could argue that, even if the initial gusher involved only negligence (a misdemeanor under the Clean Water Act) each additional day represents a knowing violation. Both approaches are untested, because there have been so few oil spill cases - but the gulf disaster warrants trying aggressive strategies.

    In 2008 ACS released an Issue Brief by Uhlmann, in which he urged Congress to bolster criminal penalties for the violations of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). That Issue Brief is available here.

  • April 30, 2010

    The massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, which has reportedly reached the coast, is threatening fisheries and fragile ecosystems, and spurring litigation.

    A group of Louisiana fisherman, shrimpers and commercial boaters filed suit against BP, the oil company renting the offshore drilling rig that continues to spill oil into the Gulf after a deadly explosion. According to an attorney involved in the suit, Daniel Becnel Jr., people from all five states lining the Gulf Coast have voiced interest in joining the expanding class action.

    Coast Guard officials estimate that the now-sunken rig is continuing to leak 5,000 barrels of oil daily -- five times the initial estimate. There is no indication that the well will be sealed any time soon.

    The spill provoked significant responses from federal and state officials. Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal declared a state of emergency. Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano called the incident "a spill of national signifigance," and created two command posts in Alabama and Louisiana to monitor the federal response. Interior Secretary Ken Salazar launched an immediate review, including on-site inspections of 30 offshore drilling rigs and 47 production platforms operating in the Gulf. The U.S. Navy and Air Force are also included in managing the spill, lending scores of vessels and aircraft to an operation already involving over 1,000 people.